Passenger cars have been equipped with internal combustion engines for decades. Petrol and diesel engines are still popular and will continue to be used in new passenger and commercial vehicles until at least 2035. It is possible that after 2035, new vehicles with internal combustion engines may still be allowed to be sold, but then exclusively with synthetic fuels. Electrification (in the form of hybrid or fully electric) is increasing significantly, but in the short term it will not yet fully replace the internal combustion engine. It is expected that people will keep driving their (older) internal-combustion cars for longer and longer as governments increasingly force car manufacturers to switch new vehicles to “zero-emission” by bringing only fully electric vehicles to market, thereby improving air quality in cities and meeting climate targets.
